WASTE-WATER NUTRIENT REMOVAL IN COASTAL METROPOLITAN-AREAS - IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR ISTANBUL

The nutrient limits imposed by the EEC directives are significantly mo re stringent than the effluent standards currently implemented in almo st all European countries. Several biological processes are available for nitrogen removal. For phosphorus removal biological or chemical tr eatment options may be envisaged. The paper provides a critical review of the administrative and technological bases of nutrient management. The eutrophied state of the Marmara Sea is summarized to illustrate t he need for nutrient removal in Istanbul and the technologies adopted.