Rs. Keynton et al., DESIGN, FABRICATION, AND IN-VITRO EVALUATION OF AN IN-VIVO ULTRASONICDOPPLER WALL SHEAR RATE MEASURING DEVICE, IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering, 42(5), 1995, pp. 433-441
In vivo wall shear rates have been obtained based on estimates from ei
ther volume flow rate or single point velocity measurements along with
the wall no slip assumption and a simple linear regression, Recent re
sults [19] have shown that, under pulsatile Bow conditions, wall shear
rates are more accurately predicted by using up to four velocity poin
ts and a second- or third-order polynomial curve fit, It is the purpos
e of this paper to evaluate the accuracy of a new, in vivo transducer
capable of determining wall shear rates nonintrusively from velocities
at three points along a line perpendicular to the vessel wall. Three
20-MHz ultrasound crystals were imbedded in an elastomer at distances
of 1.5 and 2.1 mm with beam angles of 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 d
egrees to the horizontal plane. Microscopic examination showed that in
tercrystal spacings were within 1.5% of the design and the crystal ang
les were placed within 2.0%, In vitro calibration was performed under
steady and pulsatile flow conditions with average shear rates being wi
thin 4.3 +/- 17.3% and 0.2 +/- 0.6%, respectively, of the theoreticall
y predicted values, Furthermore, peak and oscillatory shear rates were
within -5.6 +/- 2.2% and -2,4 +/- 5.7% accuracy, respectively, Result
s from this study show this device to be capable of providing accurate
wall shear rates in vivo.