B. Manderscheid et al., LONG-TERM DEVELOPMENT OF ELEMENT BUDGETS IN A NORWAY SPRUCE (PICEA-ABIES (L) KARST) FOREST OF THE GERMAN SOLLING AREA, Water, air and soil pollution, 79(1-4), 1995, pp. 3-18
To evaluate ecosystem response to changing atmospheric deposition, ele
ment budgets were established over the period from 1973 to 1991 for a
Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) site. Budgets for Na+, Cl-, Ca
2+, Mg2+, N, S and H+ were based on total deposition and seepage water
fluxes. The deposition of Ca2+, Mg2+, particularly, of S and H+ decre
ased with time, while calculated N deposition remained constant at a h
igh level. The decrease in Ca2+ deposition led to a reduction of Ca2fluxes with seepage water. The decrease of Mg2+ deposition did not hav
e an effect on the output fluxes of Mg2+. The reversibility of soil an
d seepage water acidification by reduced S deposition was delayed by t
he release of previously accumulated soil SO42-. The highest NO3- flux
es were observed during the period of 1986 to 1988; NO3- fluxes in gen
eral demonstrated a considerable annual and periodic variation. Total
N accumulation in the ecosystem amounted to nearly 590 kg ha(-1) yr(-1
) during the observation period, The major sink of N in the spruce sit
e is the aggrading humus layer. The results emphasize the need for mea
surements over several years to make conclusions regarding the functio
n of ecosystems in response to atmospheric deposition.