One aspect of the original Cam-clay model is that the derived undraine
d stress-strain curve can be expressed in closed form and used to dete
rmine a finite value of stiffness at epsilon = 0 that is equivalent to
an undrained plastic modulus (or E(u)) for normally consolidated clay
s. With respect to soil behavior, this predicted modulus in no way rep
resents the initial modulus E(max) that is fundamental and obtained fr
om resonant column tests at small-strain levels (epsilon < 10(-5)), bu
t interestingly corresponds to the apparent initial undrained stiffnes
s obtained from a hyperbolic fit of isotropically consolidated undrain
ed triaxial stress-strain data over the range of intermediate to large
strains (0.001 < epsilon < 0.10). A review of triaxial and consolidat
ion data from 17 clays supports this observation.