An overview of the different ways to accomplish pretreatment of solid
samples is presented. The use of (a) auxiliary energies such as lyophi
lisation, ultrasound, microwaves and laser radiation, (b) commercial m
odules including simple units such as Soxhlet and more sophisticated s
upercritical fluid extractors, and (c) robotic stations working indivi
dually or coupled to other automated alternatives, is looked at critic
ally.