Palaeogeographic studies suggest that the main mammal migration to Ana
tolia started in the late early to middle Miocene, following the closu
re of the Bitlis Ocean in southeastern Turkey. These animals, includin
g hominoids, were able to mig-rate over the land bridge thus formed to
Central and Western Anatolia where they settled. We discuss the Mioce
ne to Pliocene palaeogeographic evolution of Turkey and its surroundin
gs, in order to show what conditions were effective on this settlement
.