I. Polyak et G. North, THE 2ND-MOMENT CLIMATOLOGY OF THE GATE RAIN RATE DATA, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76(4), 1995, pp. 535-550
The first part of this paper presents the description of the GARP (Glo
bal Atmospheric Research Program) Atlantic Tropical Experiment 1 rain-
rate data and its two-dimensional spectral and correlation characteris
tics, which have made it possible to accomplish the following: to show
the concentration of a significant power along the frequency axis in
the spatiotemporal spectra; to detect a diurnal cycle (which has a ran
ge of variation of about 3.4-5.4 mm h(-1)) as one of the sources of bi
as in the rain statistics of satellite data; to study the distinction
between the north-south and east-west transport of spatial rain-rate f
ield and character of its anisotropy; to evaluate the scales of the di
stinction between second-moment estimates associated with ground and s
atellite samples; and to determine the appropriate spatial and tempora
l scales of simple linear stochastic models fitted to averaged rain-ra
te fields. The second part of this paper is devoted to an analysis of
the diffusion of the rain rate by establishing a relationship between
the parameters of the multivariate autoregressive model and the coeffi
cients of a diffusion equation. This analysis]ed to the use of rain da
ta to estimate the rain advection velocity as well as other coefficien
ts of the diffusion equation of the corresponding field. The results o
btained can be used for comparison with corresponding estimates of oth
er sources of data (satellite, Tropical Oceans Global Atmosphere Coupl
ed Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, or simulated by physical mode
ls), for generating multiple samples of any size, for solving the inve
rse problems of some of the hydrodynamic equations, and in some other
areas of rain data analysis and modeling.