Ds. Kim et Py. Papalambros, DETECTION OF DEGENERATE NORMAL VECTORS ON PARAMETRIC SURFACES - TANGENT CONE APPROACH, Computer aided geometric design, 12(3), 1995, pp. 321-327
Normal vectors of a surface are essential in various geometry-related
applications. Since a normal vector at a point on a parametric surface
is computed by a cross product of two tangent vectors at the point, a
regular parametric surface may possess a degenerate normal vector at
a point when tangent vectors of the surface are linearly dependent at
the point. This paper describes an algorithm which tests if a regular
parametric surface does not possess such a degenerate normal vector.