Fl. Katzmann et M. Klonz, FAST THIN-FILM ISOTHERMAL AC-DC CONVERTER WITH RADIOMETRIC SENSING, IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, 44(2), 1995, pp. 391-394
A dual heater isothermal converter for precise ac-dc transfer is reali
zed by using thin-film heaters on a thin dielectric membrane, and by s
ensing their temperature with an infrared pyrometer or a thin-film inf
rared sensor. This reduces diversion of thermal energy from the heater
s, as well as reducing the thermal time-constant and the ac-dc transfe
r differences due to thermoelectric effects, shunt capacitances and di
electric losses.