Problems at parturition in Holsteins lead to economic loss from reduce
d production and reproduction. Insemination of Holstein heifers with s
emen from smaller breeds may or may not reduce the frequency of such p
roblems. Crossbred female dairy calves would be expected to give consi
derably less milk when they themselves freshen, and Holstein heifers m
ay or may not give less milk following birth of a crossbred calf than
a pure Holstein calf. More research is needed.