EFFECTS OF ASSOCIATION, FREQUENCY, AND STIMULUS QUALITY ON NAMING WORDS IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF PSEUDOWORDS

According to classical dual-route theory, effects of associative primi ng and frequency on the naming of printed words arise from lexical acc ess and should be weak or absent when word names are assembled prelexi cally. Assembled naming would be more likely in a shallow orthography, especially in the presence of nonwords. This hypothesis was examined with the shallow Serbo-Croatian orthography. Interactions between asso ciation, frequency, and stimulus quality were also examined in both Se rbo-Croatian and English. Contrary to classical dual-route theory, bot h lexical effects were found for naming words in Serbo-Croatian, with or without nonwords. Neither interaction was significant in Serbo-Croa tian and only association x quality was significant in English. Discus sion focused on (a) the claim that lexical effects on naming in a shal low orthography constitute prima facie evidence against either prelexi cal phonology or the orthographic depth hypothesis, and (b) the possib le factorization of frequency and active associative knowledge in nami ng words.