T. Hanawa et al., STRUCTURE OF SURFACE-MODIFIED LAYERS OF CALCIUM-ION-IMPLANTED TI-6AL-4V AND TI-56NI, Materials transactions, JIM, 36(3), 1995, pp. 438-444
The structures of surface-modified layers of calcium-ion (Ca2+)-implan
ted Ti-6 mass%Al-4 mass%V and Ti-56 mass%Ni were characterized using A
uger electron spectroscopy with argon-ion-sputtering and X-ray photoel
ectron spectroscopy. Calcium ions were implanted in Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-5
6Ni in the amount of 10(22) ions/m(2) with an acceleration energy of 2
.88 fJ (18 keV). The surface oxide layers of these alloys grew to appr
oximately 12 nm as a result of the Ca2+-implantation. The oxide layers
contained hydroxide. The outermost layer of the surface oxide was 3-n
m-thick calcium oxy-hydroxide. A large part of the surface-modified la
yer, existing inside the calcium oxide, consisted of a mixture of tita
nium oxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide in Ca2+-implanted Ti-6Al-
4V, and a mixture of titanium oxide, nickel oxide and calcium oxide in
Ca2+-implanted Ti-56Ni. In Ca2+-implanted Ti-6Al-4V, Ca2+-free oxide
layers existed in the deepest region and this layer consisted of a mix
ture of titanium oxide with aluminum oxide, whereas this layer was abs
ent in Ca2+-implanted Ti-56Ni.