A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF LOW-DOSE SUBCUTANEOUS INTERLEUKIN-2 PLUS MELATONIN VERSUS SUPPORTIVE CARE ALONE IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL-CANCER PATIENTS PROGRESSING UNDER 5-FLUOROURACIL AND FOLATES
S. Barni et al., A RANDOMIZED STUDY OF LOW-DOSE SUBCUTANEOUS INTERLEUKIN-2 PLUS MELATONIN VERSUS SUPPORTIVE CARE ALONE IN METASTATIC COLORECTAL-CANCER PATIENTS PROGRESSING UNDER 5-FLUOROURACIL AND FOLATES, Oncology, 52(3), 1995, pp. 243-245
Chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and folates represents the fir
st-line standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, whereas at
present there is no conventional second-time treatment. Because of its
importance in generating an effective anticancer immune response, int
erleukin-2 (IL-2) could constitute a new promising therapy of advanced
colon cancer. Generally, IL-2 may determine tumor regressions in colo
n cancer only when it is given at high toxic doses. Our preliminary st
udies have shown that the pineal hormone melatonin may amplify IL-2 ac
tivity, which becomes active also at low doses in several tumor histot
ypes. On this basis, we have performed a clinical trial to evaluate th
e impact of low-dose IL-2 plus melatonin on the survival time in metas
tatic colon cancer, which progressed in response to 5-FU plus folates.
The study included 50 metastatic colorectal cancer patients, who did
not respond or progressed after initial response to first-line chemoth
erapy with 5-FU and folates. Patients were randomized to receive suppo
rtive care alone or low-dose subcutaneous IL-2 (3 million IU/day for 6
days/week for 4 weeks) plus melatonin (40 mg/day orally). No spontane
ous tumor regression occurred in patients receiving supportive care al
one. A partial response was achieved in 3/25 patients treated with imm
unotherapy. Percent survival at 1 year was significantly higher in pat
ients treated with immunotherapy than in those treated with supportive
care alone (9/25 vs. 3/25, p < 0.05). This study suggests that low-do
se subcutaneous IL-2 plus melatonin may be effective as a second-line
therapy to induce tumor regression and to prolong percent survival at
1 year in metastatic colorectal cancer patients progressing under 5-FU
and folates.