This study develops the theory and an in-depth longitudinal study of t
he role of residual grievance activity as a suggested proxy for manage
rial monitoring within the context of manufacturing production. In the
empirical section, we test the theory and practice within the firm fo
r the optimal level of monitoring/grievances in an establishment with
monthly data over a ten-year period, We find that production-related r
esidual grievances could indicate increased managerial monitoring of a
kind that has a positive impact on productivity.