1. Heparin belongs to a family of polysaccharide species, whose best k
nown property is, undoubtedly, anticoagulant activity. However, hepari
n has many other pharmacological effects, particularly on the cardiova
scular system. 2. The therapeutic use of chronically inhaled heparin h
as been suggested as prophylaxis in atherosclerosis. 3. Heparin, physi
ologically stored in mast cells of the respiratory system, has also be
en recently studied in the prevention of immunological and non-immunol
ogical asthmatic attacks. 4. Experimental findings and new hypotheses
of heparin action in asthma and atherosclerosis are discussed.