ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITION AND PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY EDUCATION-PROGRAMS IN CHILDREN

1. Studies in children relating blood lipids to the extent of atherosc lerosis at post-mortem suggest a link between risk factors for cardiov ascular disease in childhood and adult life, Tracking of blood pressur e (BP) and cholesterol from childhood also supports this association, However, prospective studies have not yet established the outcome in c hildren with increased levels of risk factors. 2. In a controlled tria l in Perth, Western Australia, involving over 1000 10-12 year old chil dren, fitness was improved by physical activity programmes which were associated with a greater fall in diastolic BP and triceps skinfolds i n girls compared with controls, Sugar intake decreased in boys and fat intake fell in girls, mainly affecting participants in home nutrition programmes. 3. In higher risk children, identified by cluster analysi s, major benefits were associated with the fitness and home nutrition programmes. Physical activity combined with involvement of the family in nutrition education is likely to be the most successful approach to modifying lifestyle in children, including those with higher levels o f risk. 4. Undernutrition by too rigid restriction of fat intake must be avoided in young children who need calorie-dense foods, Undernutrit ion, in itself, may predispose to cardiovascular disease in later life , Programmes should aim to establish a prudent diet appropriate to the age of the child combined with physical activity, As regular activity and a healthy diet in adult life will reduce risks of cardiovascular disease it is likely that childhood education will establish lifestyle habits of potential long-term benefit.