To increase the reproducibility and to reduce the false positives in t
he initial mRNA differential display, modified long composite primers
were developed based on both mRNA differential display and RNA arbitra
rily primed PCR fingerprinting methods. Ten-base nucleotides were adde
d at the 5' ends of the primers used in the initial mRNA differential
display. These included a restriction site to aid cloning. PCR began w
ith one low-stringency cycle (40 degrees C for annealing) followed by
35 high-stringency cycles (60 degrees C for annealing). The mollified
method significantly improved the reproducibility and sensitivity of t
he mRNA differential display while still keeping the characteristics o
f the original method.