THE POSTCRANIAL REMAINS OF THE REGOURDOU-1 NEANDERTHAL - THE SHOULDERAND ARM REMAINS

The Regourdou 1 partial skeleton, of a young adult of indeterminate se x from the initial last glacial of southwestern France, preserves both clavicles, humeri, radii and ulnae, with these bones for the right si de lacking only the ulnar olecranon and styloid process. These shoulde r and arm remains are similar to those of other European and Near East ern late archaic humans (Neandertals) in having relatively high clavic ular curvature, relatively large articulations, a low humeral torsion angle, pronounced muscular attachment areas (especially for the Mm. pe ctoralis major and pronator quadratus), a deep intertubercular sulcus, extension of the M. Pectoralis major attachment distally to meet thai of M. deltoideus, a dorsally deviated medial epicondyle, tear-drop sh aped radial diaphysis, ulnae with blunt diaphyseal margins, a medially oriented radial tuberosity, a laterally bowed radial shaft, a relativ ely small coronoid process, and (relative to humeral length) long clav icles and short forearms. In addition, it exhibits consistent diaphyse al asymmetry with the right side being larger in most dimensions, foll owing the pattern of right side dominance seen in most Neandertals. It documents the presence, at the beginning of the last glacial in weste rn Europe, of the upper limb morphological pattern that is well-known for later ''classic'' Neandertals.