Dc. Reitzes et Ej. Mutran, MULTIPLE ROLES AND IDENTITIES - FACTORS INFLUENCING SELF-ESTEEM AMONGMIDDLE-AGED WORKING MEN AND WOMEN, Social psychology quarterly, 57(4), 1994, pp. 313-325
Data derived from in-depth telephone interviews with 818 full-time wor
king men and women age 58 to 64 who live in the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel
Hill metropolitan area are used to explore hypotheses about the influe
nce of roles and identities on self-esteem. Findings include the follo
wing: 1) neither role accumulation nor specific combinations of the ro
les influence self-esteem; 2) commitment to the worker, spouse, and pa
rental roles increases self-esteem; and 3) the influence of identity m
eanings on self-esteem varies by role and gender.