The rapid expansion of cost-consciousness and managed care into the me
dical marketplace has challenged the autonomy of physicians and patien
ts. These challenges have taken a variety of forms, including limitati
ons on reimbursement and restrictions on the amount and type of emerge
ncy care patients may receive. Challenges aside, the economic agenda o
f managed care must not threaten the primacy of patient welfare. The f
idelity of the emergency physician-patient relationship and the integr
ity of the medical profession hangs in the balance.