Iatrogenic femoral nerve injury has been described following abdominal
hysterectomy, aortic graft placement, inguinal herniorrhaphy, and ret
roperitoneal hematoma formation after heparin anticoagulation. A 63-ye
ar-old man sustained an injury to the femoral nerve subsequent to an a
bdominoperineal resection. Most commonly, the nerve is injured by comp
ression with a retractor or by hematoma formation. To avoid this compl
ication, the surgeon must pay strict attention to the anatomy of the f
emoral nerve and avoid compression of the nerve by retractors or by po
stoperative hematomas.