D. Albanese et al., CHEMOSELECTIVE N-ALKYLATION OF 2-HYDROXYCARBAZOLE AS A MODEL FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF N-SUBSTITUTED PYRROLE DERIVATIVES CONTAINING ACIDIC FUNCTIONS, Tetrahedron, 51(19), 1995, pp. 5681-5688
2-Hydroxycarbazole (1) was chemoselectively N-alkylated with several a
lkyl halides 3 by generating the corresponding N,O-dianion using exces
s sodium hydride in a suitable solvent, under anhydrous conditions. Th
e highest yields (87-96%) of 9-alkyl-2-hydroxycarbazoles 4 and the mil
dest reaction conditions were reached in THF containing DMF as an addi
tive (2 mol equiv), but other solvents (DMSO, diglyme, DME) or solvent
-additive systems (THF-diglyme, THF-DMSO, DME-DMF, diglyme-DMF) are ef
fective.