M. Ulmke et H. Mullerkrumbhaar, CHARGE-DENSITY WAVES IN AN ELECTRON-2 LEVEL SYSTEM MODEL, Journal of low temperature physics, 99(3-4), 1995, pp. 545-547
The Hubbard model with additional two level systems (TLS) which couple
locally to the electronic density is investigated by a Hartree-Fock a
pproximation (HFA) and Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations of 2 d la
ttices and in the limit d = infinity. While the HFA provides a phase t
ransition of first or second order (depending on the model parameters)
to a charge density wave state, QMC simulations give evidence for an
Ising-type phase transition at a much lower temperature. The results f
or d = 2 and the d = infinity are in good agreement.