The most frequent cause of male infertility is left varicocele. The su
rgical or laparoscopic approach for spermatic vein ligation is conside
red the best method of treatment. The approach to a clinically signifi
cant left varicocele associated with a right varicocele (frequently of
a smaller size) is not univocal. We analyzed the seminal responses ob
tained in 65 patients with bilateral varicocele (grades 2 to 3 on the
left side and grade 1 on the right side) assigned randomly to undergo
unilateral. or bilateral ligation. There were no significant differenc
es between the 2 groups with regard to seminal recovery.