Cross-species Northern blot hybridization and radioimmunoassay have pr
ovided evidence for the expression of an erythropoietin (EPO)-like gen
e in the rainbow trout. The principal site of EPO-like mRNA and antige
n expression in the adult trout appears to be the kidney which also ac
ts as the major erythropoietic organ. The data suggest that a locally
produced EPO-like factor may regulate renal erythropoiesis in bony fis
h and, furthermore, they identify a possible evolutionary origin for r
enal EPO production in mammals.