LAUFBAND THERAPY BASED ON RULES OF SPINAL LOCOMOTION IS EFFECTIVE IN SPINAL-CORD INJURED PERSONS

Rehabilitation of locomotion in spinal cord (s.c.) injured patients is unsatisfactory. Here we report the effects of a novel 'Laufband (LB; treadmill) therapy' based on 'rules of spinal locomotion' derived from lower vertebrates. Eighty-nine incompletely paralysed (44 chronic and 45 acute) para- and tetraplegics underwent this therapy, then were co mpared with 64 patients (24 chronic and 40 acute) treated conventional ly. The programme consisted of daily upright walking on a motor driven LB initially with body weight support (BWS) provided by a harness and assisted limb movements by the therapists when necessary. Forty-four chronic patients with different degrees of paralysis undertook the pro gramme for 3-20 weeks (median = 10.5), 0.5-18 years after s.c. damage. At the onset of LB therapy 33/44 patients were wheelchair-bound (no s tanding and/or walking without help by others) compared with 25 at com pletion of LB therapy, i.e. 76% had learned to walk independently, 7 p atients with help. Only 1 subject did not improve. It was striking tha t voluntary muscle activity in the resting position was still low in s everal patients who had gained walking capability. Eleven patients who could already walk before LB therapy improved in speed and endurance. Of the 44 patients, six were capable of staircase walking before LB t herapy compared with 34 afterwards. In order to validate the apparent superiority of LB therapy two types of comparisons were performed. In a 'temporal' control 12 spastic paretic patients, still wheelchair-bou nd after the period of postacute conventional therapy, performed LB im mediately thereafter. After completion of LB therapy nine of these pat ients had learned to walk without help from others. In another control , two groups of chronic patients, matched in type of injury, time afte r injury (1 or more years) and history of previous rehabilitation (one or several periods of conventional therapy), were compared. One group underwent LB therapy (n = 29), the other conventional therapy (n = 24 ) for similar periods of time. From 18 wheelchair-bound patients, 14 b ecame independent walkers after LB, but only 1/14 after conventional t herapy. From 45 acute patients 92% (33/36) of those wheelchair-bound a t the onset of LB therapy became independent, but only 50% (12/24) aft er conventional therapy (n = 40). It is noteworthy that voluntary musc le activity at rest was similar in both groups. The presumed underlyin g mechanisms are discussed in the light of the absence of any apparent effects in seven functionally completely paralysed paraplegic persons .