Jc. Villafuerte et al., MECHANISMS OF EQUIAXED GRAIN FORMATION IN FERRITIC STAINLESS-STEEL GAS TUNGSTEN ARE WELDS, Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials: properties, microstructure and processing, 194(2), 1995, pp. 187-191
Mechanisms of providing nuclei for equiaxed grains in gas tungsten are
welds in ferritic stainless steel were examined. Tin-quenching of the
solid-liquid interface revealed that TiN particles in commercial stee
ls could act as heterogeneous nucleation sites. Direct additions of Ti
N also promoted an equiaxed region. However, no evidence for equiaxed
grain formation by dendrite fragmentation was observed, despite the fa
ct that titanium additions did produce a more branched dendritic struc
ture.