This article presents a clinical approach to the diagnosis and managem
ent of the patient with osteoporosis. Initially, a complete medical hi
story, including assessment of the impact of osteoporosis on activitie
s of daily living and psychologic function, physical examination, and
appropriate laboratory evaluation is required. Subsequently, the goals
of osteoporosis treatment are pain control, maximization of function,
maintenance of bone mass, and fracture prevention. These goals may be
best achieved by multidisciplinary team effort. Nutritional status, w
ith emphasis on calcium and vitamin D intake, is assessed and optimize
d. A program of exercise to increase muscle strength and endurance is
initiated. Patient education regarding proper body mechanics, fall pre
vention, and osteoporosis in general is provided. Finally, an assessme
nt of fall risk and appropriate medical therapy aimed at preservation
of bone mass is instituted.