SPLINT BONE INJURIES IN HORSES

Pathologic conditions of the small metacarpal and metatarsal bones may occur in horses of all ages. The most common lesions are proliferativ e periostitis and fractures. Proliferative periostitis, or splints, ty pically occur in young horses and commonly involve the second metacarp al bone. The palpable swelling present with this condition results fro m injury to the interosseus ligament and associated periosteum. Initia l treatment usually entails administering local and systemic antiinfla mmatory drugs, rest, and pressure bandaging. Surgical removal of the e xostosis may be indicated in some horses if it contributes to lameness or, in show horses, for cosmetic purposes. Fractures may involve any part of the small metacarpal and metatarsal bones. The most frequently encountered fractures are of the distal third of the bones. These are usually closed fractures and are typically caused by internal forces. Fractures that involve the proximal and middle aspects of the bones a re generally caused by direct external trauma and are often open. The method of treatment is dictated by the location and type of fracture, the intended use of the horse, and the presence of such complicating f actors as osteomyelitis, sequestration, or septic arthritis.