A primary intracranial atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor was encountere
d in a child (age 4 years and 9 months) with Canavan disease. The tumo
r contained a large spindled cell component as well as classical rhabd
oid morphology and focal areas resembling a primitive neuroectodermal
tumor. The rhabdoid areas of the neoplasm were immunoreactive with ant
ibodies against epithelial membrane antigen and vimentin, in the class
ically described pattern. Ultrastructurally these portions of the tumo
r displayed the characteristic perinuclear whorls of intermediate fila
ments reported in rhabdoid tumors of all body sites. Thought to be pur
ely coincidental, this is also the first description of any intracrani
al neoplasm associated with Canavan disease.