TOWARD UNBIASED MEASUREMENT OF CONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MEMORY PROCESSES WITHIN THE PROCESS DISSOCIATION FRAMEWORK

L. L. Jacoby's (1991) process dissociation framework has been welcomed as a tool for differentiating controlled and automatic cognitive proc esses. Several variants of the original process dissociation measureme nt model are integrated in this article, and it is shown that the mode l ignores guessing and, hence, response bias. An extension of the orig inal model is suggested that includes guessing parameters. The origina l model and the extended model are evaluated empirically. In 3 experim ents using a yes-no recognition task, response bias was manipulated in various ways. The original model falsely attributes effects of respon se biases to either controlled or uncontrolled processes or to both. T he extended model, in contrast, results in estimates of the contributi ons of controlled and uncontrolled memory processes that are relativel y unaffected by response biases. The extended model is recommended as a measurement tool.