The usual course of infection by Plasmodium falciparum among adults wh
o lack a history of exposure to endemic malaria is fulminant. The infe
ction in adults living with hyper- to holoendemic malaria is chronic a
nd benign. Naturally acquired immunity to falciparum malaria is the ba
sis of this difference. Confusion surrounds an essential question rega
rding this process: What is its rate of onset? Opinions vary because o
f disagreement over the relationships between exposure to infection, a
ntigenic polymorphism and naturally acquired immunity. In this review,
Kevin Baird discusses these relationships against a backdrop of host
age as a determinant of naturally acquired immunity to falciparum mala
ria.