Pediatric inguinal hernias and hydroceles are due to incomplete or abn
ormal obliteration of the processus vaginalis. Surgical correction of
these conditions is the most common surgical procedure performed on yo
ung children. The embryology, anatomy, evaluation, and management of p
ediatric inguinal hernias and hydroceles are reviewed. A thorough unde
rstanding of these topics will aid with the sometimes difficult decisi
ons encountered in the care of these patients.