ATHEROGENIC ALIMENTARY HABITS OF POPULATI ON GROUPS IN A METROPOLITAN-AREA OF SOUTH-EASTERN BRAZIL

This present study is one part of the project ''Atherosclerotic cardio vascular diseases, lipemic disorders, hypertension, obesity and diabet es mellitus in a population of the metropolitan area of S. Paulo, Braz il'' undertaken in Cotia county. An alimentary inquiry based on the al imentary history of the individual was carried out among a subsample o f the population (568 individuals). The objectives of the inquiry are the following: a)- the identification of the atherogenic potential of the diets of different human groups, stratified according to social cl ass and b) the analysis of consumption differentials of some nutrients , which confer atherogenicity to the diet, as between social classes. The consumption differentials were analyzed as between men and women, by social class and taking the 50th percentile (P50) of the sample as the standard of reference, with regard to the following dietary consti tutents: energy, total proteins, proteins of animal origin, percentage s of protein calories (P%), fatty acids, fats (F%) and carbohydrates ( CH%). Also, according to this criterion, some diet profiles were analy zed in the light of the recommendations of the National Cholesterol Ed ucation Program (NEP) as regards the calorie supplied by fats(F%), sat urated fatty acids (SFA%), carbohydrates (CH%) and cholesterol (> 300 mg/day). The following were the findings obtained: the consumption dif ferentials were more pronounced among the men. The social class which presented the largest percentages above the P50 of the sample, with re gard to energy, total proteins, fats and carbohydrates, were the non-s pecialized workers, i.e. the manual laborers who have a high expendure of energy, and that of small property owners and shop-keepers who lea d a sedentary life. The class of the greatest acquisitive power and hi ghest educational level presented a moderate consumption of these cons tituents. On the other hand, the consumption of the proteins of animal origin, above the P50, among men and women, maintained a direct relat ionship with socioeconomic level. The proportion of calories coming fr om fats (F%) and protein (P%) was directly proportional to the acquisi tive power of the class, while that of carbohydrates (CH%) presented a n inverse relationship. On the other hand, the consumption of choleste rol in excess of 300 mg/day was found to between 37 and 50% and 20 and 32% for men and women, respectively. The percentage of diets with mor e than 30% of calories coming from fats (F%) varied from 25 to 40% for men and 45 to 50% for women. The participation of the saturated fatty acids (SFA%) in proportions greater or equal to 10 was relatively low for both sexes: being of 5 to 17% for the men and of less than 10% fo r the women. The percentages of cases in the relationship saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (SFA/UFA) maintaining values less than 1% was also low for the population in general, being of 7 and 22% for the me n and less than 10% for the women. It is concluded that diet probably is an important risk factor in cardiovascular diseases, lipemic disord ers, obesity and hypertension, for a large part of the population, mai nly for the small property owners and shop-keepers, is viable.