A technological forecast is attempted of how fossil fuels will fare du
ring the period of build-up of the hydrogen energy economy. If the lat
ter is inevitable many might expect their death. However, they will pr
obably always be needed as a source of chemicals, and arguments are gi
ven for the thesis that synthetic methane will remain a useful fuel ev
en after oil and natural gas are exhausted. It seems likely that the f
ossil fuel industry can survive, prosper, and provide employment by be
coming a significant part of the hydrogen energy economy. The roles of
ammonia and of nuclear and geothermal energy are also briefly conside
red.