Mp. Egloff et al., CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDY OF THE STRUCTURE OF COLIPASE AND OF THE INTERACTION WITH PANCREATIC LIPASE, Protein science, 4(1), 1995, pp. 44-57
Colipase (M(r) 10 kDa) confers catalytic activity to pancreatic lipase
under physiological conditions (high bile salt concentrations). Previ
ously determined 3-Angstrom-resolution X-ray structures of lipase-coli
pase complexes have shown that, in the absence of substrate, colipase
binds to the noncatalytic C-terminal domain of pancreatic lipase (van
Tilbeurgh H, Sarda L, Verger R, Cambillau C, 1992, Nature 359:159-162;
van Tilbeurgh et al., 1993a, Nature 362:814-820). Upon lipid binding,
conformational changes at the active site of pancreatic lipase bring
a surface loop (the lid) in contact with colipase, creating a second b
inding site for this cofactor. Covalent inhibition of the pancreatic l
ipase by a phosphonate inhibitor yields better diffracting crystals of
the lipase-colipase complex. From the 2.4-Angstrom-resolution structu
re of this complex, we give an accurate description of the colipase. I
t confirms the previous proposed disulfide connections (van Tilbeurgh
H, Sarda L, Verger R, Cambillau C, 1992, Nature 359:159-162; van Tilbe
urgh et al., 1993a, Nature 362:814-820) that were in disagreement with
the biochemical assignment (Chaillan C, Kerfelec B, Foglizzo E, Chapu
s C, 1992, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184:206-211). Colipase lacks wel
l-defined secondary structure elements. This small protein seems to be
stabilized mainly by an extended network of five disulfide bridges th
at runs throughout the flatly shaped molecule, reticulating its four f
inger-like loops. The colipase surface can be divided into a rather hy
drophilic part, interacting with lipase, and a more hydrophobic part,
formed by the tips of the fingers. The interaction between colipase an
d the C-terminal domain of lipase is stabilized by eight hydrogen bond
s and about 80 van der Waals contacts. Upon opening of the lid, three
more hydrogen bonds and about 28 van der Waals contacts are added, exp
laining the higher apparent affinity in the presence of a lipid/water
interface. The tips of the fingers are very mobile and constitute the
lipid interaction surface. Two detergent molecules that interact with
colipase were observed in the crystal, covering part of the hydrophobi
c surface.