This paper presents an introduction to neurocomputers and an overview
of the history of neurocomputers. Direct implementation methods of neu
rocomputers using techniques from microelectronics and photonics are d
iscussed. Emulation methods using special-purpose hardware are highlig
hted. The role of parallel computing systems for improved performance
is introduced. Some commercially available neurocomputers and performa
nce issues of such systems are also presented.