The median nerve was explored in 100 hands and the variations classifi
ed by the Lanz system. Only 47.7% of hands showed the standard anatomy
described in textbooks. Rare variations were also found. Knowledge of
the variable anatomy of the nerve could help to avoid incomplete deco
mpression at operations for carpal tunnel entrapment and injury to the
thenar branch of the nerve. The possibility of double thenar innervat
ion must be considered in preoperative evaluation and in the follow up
of median nerve injuries.