CHANGES IN IMMEDIATE VISUAL MEMORY PREDICT COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT

Six-year changes in immediate visual memory performance assessed by th e Benton Visual Retention (BVR) test predicted Alzheimer's disease (AD ) prior to its onset. Subjects of this study were 371 community-dwelli ng adult participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, se ven of whom received probable or definite AD diagnoses using DSM-III-R and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. Subjects with diagnoses of AD had larger c hanges in immediate memory performance over the 6-year interval prior to the estimated onset of their disease than subjects without AD. Six- year longitudinal change as well as level in immediate visual memory p erformance also predicted subsequent cognitive performance 6-15 and 16 -22 years later even after adjusting for the influences of age general -ability and initial immediate memory. These results provide evidence that change and level in immediate visual memory performance has long- term prognostic significance over as many as 16-22 years. These result s further suggest that change in recent memory performance, an importa nt component in AD diagnoses, may be an important precursor of the dev elopment of the disease.