High resolution ultrasound (5/7,5 MHz, linear array) allows imaging of
the extracerebral space in infants. A standardised state-of-the-art i
maging technique is described that can be performed during routine cra
nial sonography. Diagnosing dilated subarachnoid space is possible by
comparison to normal values. Pathological findings of the subarachnoid
and subdural space can be differentiated. Evaluation of the following
conditions is possible: external hydrocephalus, cortical atrophy, pyo
genic meningitis, subdural hematoma and hygroma. High resolution ultra
sound can add helpful information in situations in which magnetic reso
nance imaging or computed tomography were previously needed. Since it
is a noninvasive method, ultrasound is ideal for follow-up studies and
hence the method of choice.