Review contains the analysis of membrane distillation (MD) studies. A
critical analysis of theoretical and experimental studies of MD is pre
sented. A special attention is given to mass transfer mechanism and to
influence of various external factors upon peculiarities of the proce
ss. The problems of design of modules and devices for the membrane dis
tillation are thoroughly considered as well as some practical aspects
of pure water obtaining, waste purification and different tecnological
solutions concentration by MD. The analysis of advantages and disadva
ntages of the MD compared with other membrane methods is given. Biblio
graphy - 97 references.