Molecular biology technics can be successfully applied to epidemiologi
cal studies involving either classical nosocomial pathogens or new eme
rging agents such as Xanthomonas, Mycobacteria or Fungi. We need more
informations about several topics such as pneumonia, viral infections
or disinfection procedures. Our national program against nosocomial in
fections which has been successively an incitative or a wait and see p
olicy seems to be started again but with limited financial support. Ef
ficacity will depend on better organization of both formation and prev
entive care programs.