BENEFICIAL-EFFECTS OF CONVERSION FROM CYCLOSPORINE TO AZATHIOPRINE AFTER KIDNEY-TRANSPLANTATION

Immunosuppression with cyclosporin after renal transplantation is asso ciated with better graft survival than is azathioprine treatment. Howe ver, nephrotoxicity and other side-effects have led to regimens that c hange treatment to azathioprine shortly after transplantation. Convers ion has beneficial effects in the short term on renal function and hyp ertension. We report long-term follow-up (minimum 5 years) of 128 pati ents who had received a first or second cadaveric kidney graft and wer e treated with cyclosporin and prednisone; they were randomly assigned 3 months after transplantation to groups continuing to receive cyclos porin (n=68) or changing to azathioprine (n=60). 8 years after transpl antation, patient survival was 75.3% in the cyclosporin group and in t he azathioprine group 85.9% (p=0.14) and graft survival was 64.0% and 76.6%, respectively (p=0.38). The frequency of cardiovascular death wi th a functioning graft was 8% higher in the cyclosporin group (95% Cl -1 to 18). The relative risk of graft loss after conversion to azathio prine compared with cyclosporin maintenance was 0.71 (0.37-1.38) and t he relative risk of patient death was 0.57 (0.23-1.41). The cyclospori n group had poorer mean creatinine clearance (17.8 ml/min [8.1-27.5] l ower than azathioprine group) and a higher proportion needed hypertens ive drugs (20% [4-36] more). Gout was found in 9 cyclosporin-treated p atients and 1 azathioprine-treated patient (difference 12% [3 to 20]). Elective conversion from cyclosporin to azathioprine 3 months after t ransplantation is safe and cost-effective.