2 NEW NEOTROPICAL TREEHOPPER GENERA AND INVESTIGATION OF THE PHYLOGENY OF THE SUBFAMILY MEMBRACINAE (HOMOPTERA, MEMBRACIDAE)

Two new genera are described in the membracid tribe Membracini: Havila ndia, new genus, including H. pruinosa (Haviland), new combination, an d H. hypsoproroides, new species; and Lewdeitzia, new genus, including L. lunata, new species. Havilandia is morphologically and behaviorall y similar to Talipedini and some Leioscyta Fowler (Membracini), but ma y be the sister-group of Hypsoprorini. Lewdeitzia is apparently dimorp hic for a feature of the forewing venation used to distinguish Erechti a Walker from Leioscyta. Preliminary cladistic analyses of 27 taxa in the subfamily Membracinae place the new genera among others in the tri be Membracini, but suggest that this tribe is paraphyletic, having giv en rise to other tribes in the subfamily. The analyses further suggest that the tribe Talipedini is paraphyletic and the genera Leioscyta an d Membracis Fabricius are para- or polyphyletic. Reclassification of t he Membracinae is needed, but should await elucidation of the limits o f some genera of Membracini by more extensive cladistic analyses. A ke y to the tribes of Membracinae and the genera of Membracini is present ed. Nomenclatural changes include restoration of the original spelling of Paragara Goding, 1926, and of the combination P. tholoidea (from P aragargara) and two new combinations, Paragara nigra (Funkhouser) (fro m Paragargara) and Enchenopa beebei (Haviland) (from Leioscyta). Two s pecies most recently treated as Membracis are here considered Membraci ni incertae sedis.