The change in general and hydrophysical properties of arable Gray Fore
st soils due to modern cultivation methods (disk harrowing, moldboard
plowing, two-stage tillage against a background of manure application)
is demonstrated. Special attention is devoted to the change in the st
ructural properties and microstructure of humus arable horizons (on mi
croforms of humus, microaggregation, micro- and mesoporosity, biogenic
transformation of the substrate, neoformations, and so forth). The gr
eatest cultivating effect is achieved by disk harrowing with simultane
ous application of manure.