M. Costa et al., AFM NANOSCOPY - IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF POLY(3-METHYL-THIOPHENE) DURING DOPING, Journal de chimie physique et de physico-chimie biologique, 92(4), 1995, pp. 939-942
In situ AFM images of PMeT layers during electrochemical doping and un
doping show that the corresponding swelling or contraction of polymers
grains is notably delayed with respect to the charge variation.