Development of the nervous system requires that neuronal growth cones,
in coordination with growing axons, migrate along precise paths defin
ed by specific extracellular matrix cues until they encounter their ta
rgets. Laminin promotes growth cone migration through receptors such a
s the integrins, but the underlying physical mechanism is poorly under
stood. We have investigated the cytoskeletal associations and surface
dynamics of endogenous beta 1 integrins in chick dorsal root ganglion
growth cones migrating on laminin, A single-beam optical gradient trap
was used to place 0.5-mu m-diameter polystyrene beads conjugated with
anti-beta 1 integrin monoclonal antibodies at desired locations on th
e growth cone surface, We found a substantial increase in the stable a
ttachment of these beads, with subsequent slow rearward motion, on the
front periphery of the growth cone compared to the base. The surface
dynamics of smaller aggregates of integrin were explored by monitoring
the temporal and spatial displacements of 40-nm-diameter gold particl
es coated with anti-beta 1 integrin antibodies. The small particles we
re transported preferentially to the growth cone periphery by brief di
rected excursions interspersed with periods of diffusion, In addition,
the leading edge of the growth cone was supported to a greater extent
by an actin-dependent cytoskeleton that resisted mechanical tether fo
rmation, Such a regional differentiation of the growth cone has not be
en documented previously and has implications for the mechanism of gro
wth cone migration and guidance.