FETAL CLEFT-LIP WITH AND WITHOUT CLEFT-PALATE - US CLASSIFICATION ANDCORRELATION WITH OUTCOME

PURPOSE: To develop a prenatal ultrasonographic (US) classification of cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL-P) and correlate the class ification with fetal outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 5-year p eriod (1988 to 1993), 65 fetuses with CL-P were identified with prenat al US at one of two referral centers for high-risk obstetric cases. So nograms from each case were prospectively and retrospectively evaluate d. Clefts were classified into one of five categories: type 1, cleft l ip alone (n = 5); type 2, unilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 15); ty pe 3, bilateral cleft lip and palate (n = 20); type 4, midline cleft l ip and palate (n = 21); and type 5, facial defects associated with amn iotic bands or limb-body-wall complex (n = 4). RESULTS: The US classif ication correlated with severity of defect and fetal outcome. Type 4 a nd 5 clefts were universally associated with concurrent anomalies and a fatal outcome, type 1 clefts with a lower rate of anomalies (20%), a nd type 2 and 3 clefts with intermediate prognosis. Chromosome abnorma lities also varied with the type of cleft as follows: type 1, O%; type 2, 20%; type 3, 30%; type 4, 52%; and type 5, 0%. CONCLUSION: Prenata l classification of fetal CL-P correlates with fetal outcome. This cla ssification should help counseling and management.