Electromigration reliability of TiN barrier layer itself has been stud
ied, Our results show no electrically measurable electromigration, Res
istance increase and open failure under high density current stress ar
e apparently due to a purely thermally activated process with an activ
ation energy of 1.5 eV, TiN resistance Is projected to be stable for 1
0 years if the temperature of the hottest spot in TiN is kept below 40
8 degrees C, which together with electrical sheet resistance and therm
al resistance determine the acceptable current density in TiN.