Jjv. Eynde et al., OLD REAGENTS, NEW RESULTS - AROMATIZATION OF HANTZSCH 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINES WITH MANGANESE-DIOXIDE AND 2,3-DICHLORO-5,6-DICYANO-1,4-BENZOQUINONE, Tetrahedron, 51(23), 1995, pp. 6511-6516
Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines are readily oxidized by manganese dioxid
e or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in dichloromethan
e at room temperature. With manganese dioxide loss of the 4-substituen
t, in addition to aromatization, occurs when it is a secondary alkyl o
r a benzylic group and sonication significantly reduces the reaction t
imes. In contrast, loss of the 4-substituent is never observed when DD
Q is the oxidative species.